✅ 100 MCQs: Optics of the Eye
📘 Section A: Basic Anatomy & Physiology (1–20)
-
The main refractive surface of the eye is:
A. Lens
B. Retina
C. Cornea
D. Iris
Answer: C -
The transparent part of the eye that allows light to enter is:
A. Sclera
B. Iris
C. Cornea
D. Retina
Answer: C -
The normal axial length of a human eye is approximately:
A. 10 mm
B. 15 mm
C. 24 mm
D. 30 mm
Answer: C -
The retina converts light into:
A. Sound
B. Heat
C. Neural signals
D. Mechanical energy
Answer: C -
Accommodation is the process by which the:
A. Cornea flattens
B. Iris contracts
C. Lens changes shape
D. Retina sharpens images
Answer: C -
The lens is suspended by:
A. Optic nerve
B. Zonules of Zinn
C. Iris muscles
D. Aqueous humor
Answer: B -
The image formed on the retina is:
A. Real and erect
B. Real and inverted
C. Virtual and erect
D. Virtual and inverted
Answer: B -
Fovea centralis is responsible for:
A. Night vision
B. Peripheral vision
C. Sharp central vision
D. Binocular vision
Answer: C -
The ciliary muscles help in:
A. Pupil constriction
B. Changing lens shape
C. Moving eyeballs
D. Producing tears
Answer: B -
The optic nerve transmits signals to the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: C -
Rod cells help in:
A. Daylight vision
B. Sharp color vision
C. Night vision
D. Blue-yellow contrast
Answer: C -
Cone cells are sensitive to:
A. Motion
B. Light intensity
C. Color
D. Peripheral stimuli
Answer: C -
The light-sensitive pigment in rods is:
A. Melanin
B. Rhodopsin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Myoglobin
Answer: B -
Aqueous humor is produced by:
A. Retina
B. Iris
C. Ciliary body
D. Cornea
Answer: C -
The innermost layer of the eye is:
A. Sclera
B. Choroid
C. Retina
D. Cornea
Answer: C -
The lens loses elasticity with age, leading to:
A. Myopia
B. Hyperopia
C. Presbyopia
D. Astigmatism
Answer: C -
Which part controls the amount of light entering the eye?
A. Lens
B. Iris
C. Retina
D. Cornea
Answer: B -
The region without photoreceptors is the:
A. Fovea
B. Macula
C. Blind spot
D. Choroid
Answer: C -
The fluid between lens and retina is:
A. Aqueous humor
B. Plasma
C. Vitreous humor
D. Synovial fluid
Answer: C -
The transparent biconvex structure behind the pupil is the:
A. Cornea
B. Lens
C. Retina
D. Iris
Answer: B
📘 Section B: Refractive Errors (21–40)
-
Myopia is corrected with:
A. Convex lens
B. Concave lens
C. Cylindrical lens
D. Plano lens
Answer: B -
Hypermetropia is due to:
A. Long eyeball
B. Short eyeball
C. Thick cornea
D. Dense lens
Answer: B -
Hypermetropia is corrected with:
A. Concave lens
B. Convex lens
C. Plano-concave lens
D. None
Answer: B -
Astigmatism is due to:
A. Irregular curvature of cornea
B. Short eyeball
C. Weak ciliary muscle
D. Lens opacity
Answer: A -
Presbyopia commonly starts after age:
A. 25
B. 30
C. 40
D. 60
Answer: C -
The unit of lens power is:
A. Hertz
B. Volt
C. Diopter
D. Newton
Answer: C -
Emmetropia means:
A. No refractive error
B. Myopia
C. Hypermetropia
D. Color blindness
Answer: A -
In myopia, rays focus:
A. On retina
B. Behind retina
C. In front of retina
D. At fovea
Answer: C -
In hyperopia, the image is formed:
A. On retina
B. In front of retina
C. Behind retina
D. On cornea
Answer: C -
Astigmatism leads to:
A. Normal vision
B. Double vision
C. Blurred/distorted vision
D. Tunnel vision
Answer: C
-
### 📘 **Section C: Clinical Optics & Diagnostic Tools (41–70)**
41. The Snellen chart is used to assess:
A. Color vision
B. Night vision
C. Visual acuity
D. Field of vision
**Answer: C**
42. A pinhole test helps differentiate:
A. Cataract and glaucoma
B. Retinal and refractive errors
C. Corneal ulcer and dry eye
D. Astigmatism and hyperopia
**Answer: B**
43. Normal visual acuity is:
A. 6/12
B. 6/9
C. 6/6
D. 6/18
**Answer: C**
44. Retinoscopy is done to assess:
A. Retina thickness
B. Refractive error
C. Cataract
D. Eye pressure
**Answer: B**
45. Autorefractometers are used to:
A. Dilate pupils
B. Check corneal ulcers
C. Measure refractive power
D. Diagnose glaucoma
**Answer: C**
46. Keratometry measures:
A. Lens thickness
B. Intraocular pressure
C. Corneal curvature
D. Retinal power
**Answer: C**
47. Perimetry tests the:
A. Central vision
B. Accommodation
C. Color perception
D. Visual field
**Answer: D**
48. The unit of visual angle is:
A. Diopter
B. Degree
C. Radian
D. Micron
**Answer: B**
49. Which test is used to check color blindness?
A. Snellen chart
B. Ishihara plates
C. Visual field chart
D. Maddox rod
**Answer: B**
50. The power of a normal human eye is approximately:
A. 10 D
B. 22 D
C. 40 D
D. 60 D
**Answer: D**
51. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used for:
A. Cataract surgery
B. Lens calculation
C. Retinal imaging
D. Refraction
**Answer: C**
52. Retinoscopy requires:
A. Cycloplegic drops
B. Anesthesia
C. Bright room light
D. Color vision testing
**Answer: A**
53. Accommodation is tested using:
A. Maddox rod
B. RAF ruler
C. Applanation tonometer
D. Gonioscope
**Answer: B**
54. In visual field testing, a common defect in glaucoma is:
A. Central scotoma
B. Peripheral vision loss
C. Double vision
D. Total blindness
**Answer: B**
55. The Duochrome test uses:
A. Green and red filters
B. Black and white letters
C. Blue and yellow charts
D. Flashing lights
**Answer: A**
56. Photorefraction is used for:
A. Young children
B. Elderly patients
C. Color vision
D. Retinal diseases
**Answer: A**
57. The Maddox rod test helps in detecting:
A. Refraction
B. Binocular misalignment
C. Visual acuity
D. Color vision
**Answer: B**
58. Which device measures intraocular pressure?
A. Keratometer
B. Tonometer
C. Pachymeter
D. Slit lamp
**Answer: B**
59. Slit lamp is used to examine:
A. Retina
B. Cornea and anterior chamber
C. Optic nerve
D. Eye muscles
**Answer: B**
60. A plano-concave lens is used to correct:
A. Presbyopia
B. Hypermetropia
C. Myopia
D. Astigmatism
**Answer: C**
---
### 📘 **Section D: Applied Optics & Vision Science (71–100)**
71. The near point of accommodation in a normal eye is:
A. 6 m
B. 25 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 100 cm
**Answer: B**
72. The refractive index of aqueous humor is about:
A. 1.33
B. 1.45
C. 1.38
D. 1.42
**Answer: A**
73. When rays pass from air to cornea, they bend:
A. Away from the normal
B. Toward the normal
C. Stay parallel
D. Form a virtual image
**Answer: B**
74. The term "diopter" means:
A. Lens size
B. Lens curvature
C. Inverse of focal length in meters
D. Inverse of power
**Answer: C**
75. A convex lens causes rays to:
A. Diverge
B. Reflect
C. Converge
D. Refract away
**Answer: C**
76. Focal length of a +2.00 D lens is:
A. 0.5 m
B. 2 m
C. 0.25 m
D. 1.5 m
**Answer: A**
77. The fovea is located within:
A. Optic disc
B. Macula
C. Iris
D. Ciliary body
**Answer: B**
78. LASIK is used to correct:
A. Cataract
B. Refractive error
C. Color blindness
D. Strabismus
**Answer: B**
79. Depth perception needs:
A. Good accommodation
B. Binocular vision
C. High IOP
D. Monocular cues
**Answer: B**
80. Convergence helps in:
A. Peripheral vision
B. Sharp focusing
C. Seeing distant objects
D. Viewing near objects
**Answer: D**
81. Which ray diagram illustrates myopia?
A. Rays behind retina
B. Rays converge at retina
C. Rays in front of retina
D. Rays form virtual image
**Answer: C**
82. For a patient with +1.50 D, the lens used is:
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Cylindrical
D. Spherical and plano
**Answer: B**
83. Cylindrical lenses are used for:
A. Astigmatism
B. Myopia
C. Glaucoma
D. Presbyopia
**Answer: A**
84. Accommodation reflex includes:
A. Pupil dilation
B. Lens flattening
C. Eye convergence
D. Loss of color vision
**Answer: C**
85. The principal axis of a lens is:
A. Line parallel to cornea
B. Line through optical center
C. Line on the retina
D. Pupil alignment line
**Answer: B**
86. Which has no blood supply?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Choroid
D. Iris
**Answer: B**
87. Angle of vision is widest in:
A. Bright light
B. Myopia
C. Hyperopia
D. Peripheral vision
**Answer: D**
88. Near vision improves in:
A. Cataract
B. Presbyopia
C. Early nuclear sclerosis
D. Glaucoma
**Answer: C**
89. Eye’s total refractive power is mainly from:
A. Retina
B. Iris
C. Cornea
D. Lens
**Answer: C**
90. Spherical equivalent is used in:
A. Retinal surgery
B. Color blindness
C. Contact lens fitting
D. Conjunctivitis
**Answer: C**
91. A plano lens has a power of:
A. 0 D
B. +1 D
C. -1 D
D. +2.5 D
**Answer: A**
92. The cornea contributes about:
A. 10% of total refraction
B. 50% of total refraction
C. 70% of total refraction
D. 100% of refraction
**Answer: C**
93. An aphakic eye lacks:
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Lens
D. Iris
**Answer: C**
94. Artificial lens implantation is called:
A. Phacoemulsification
B. Keratoplasty
C. Intraocular lens surgery
D. Retinal detachment
**Answer: C**
95. Diplopia is:
A. Vision loss
B. Red eye
C. Double vision
D. Color blindness
**Answer: C**
96. Prisms are used to correct:
A. Retinal detachment
B. Binocular vision problems
C. Cataract
D. Glaucoma
**Answer: B**
97. Retinal detachment affects:
A. Refractive error
B. Accommodation
C. Visual field
D. Color vision
**Answer: C**
98. Anisometropia is:
A. Same refractive error in both eyes
B. Different power in both eyes
C. Color vision defect
D. Corneal ulcer
**Answer: B**
99. Glaucom
a affects:
A. Retina
B. Optic nerve
C. Cornea
D. Eyelids
**Answer: B**
100. The fundus is examined with:
A. Slit lamp
B. Ophthalmoscope
C. Retinoscope
D. Tonometer
**Answer: B**
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